EVIDENCE BASED STUDY ON GENERAL WELL BEING THROUGH HATH YOGA
Evidenced Based Study on General Wellbeing Through
Hath Yoga
Dr.
Sudhanshu Verma1, Dr. Kamakhya Kumar2, Ruby Meena3
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Yoga and
Health, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar,
2
Professor & Head, Dept. of Yoga, Uttarakhand Sanskrit University, Haridwar,
U.K.
3Teaching
Assistant, Dept. of Yoga and Health, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar,
Abstract:
Introduction: Well-being is a positive outcome that is
meaningful for people and for many sectors of society, because it tells us that
people perceive that their lives are going well. many indicators that measure
living conditions fail to measure what people think and feel about their lives,
such as the quality of their relationships, their positive emotions and
resilience, the realization of their potential, or their overall satisfaction
with life—i.e., their “well-being.”1, 2 Well-being generally
includes global judgments of life satisfaction and feelings ranging from
depression to joy. [3, 4]
According to the US Department of Health and Human Services,
mental illness is characterized by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior
associated with distress and impaired function. [5] It could
refer to one or more mental disorders at a time. Mental illness is a global
public health concern. According to the World Health Organization, one out of
four (25%) persons is affected with some kind of mental illness. [2] The
prevalence of mental disorders is higher in developed countries, but the global
burden of untreated mental disease is higher in developing nations. [6,7] Eighty
percent (80%) of the population suffering with mental illness lives in low-and
middle-income (LAMI) countries. [6,8,9,] The presence of mental
illness does not affect only the individual and his personal, social,
educational and occupational life, but it also makes his entire family to
suffer from negative consequences. [10,11]
Aim: The purpose of
this study is “To assess the efficacy of Selective hath yogic Practices on General
Wellbeing of mankind”.
Method: For this study we
had selected randomly 50 Sanskrit students with age ranging between 18 to 26
years of age. Practicing 51 minute/ day yogic intervention particularly and
only those students were considered who were willing to participate in such
type of practices. The students are male and almost equal in the term of
education, mental status, socio economic status and types of work. Then at the
initiation of practice 0th day pre-data was collected by team on general
wellbeing questionnaire given by N. N. Wig and S. K. verma (P.G.I. Chandigarh,
General wellbeing questionnaire, 1973) and at the end of session on 45th
day of intervention post data was taken by the same.
Result: According to
obtained data we found that there was statistically significant difference at
0.01 levels between pre-and post conditions in the level of General wellbeing of
the adults. This reveals the effectiveness of Hath yoga practices in
enhancement of General wellbeing in special reference of adults.
Conclusion:
finally,
we can firmly state that Hath yoga practices can play an efficient role in the
enhancement of positive General wellbeing in the adults.
Keywords: General wellbeing,
Positive general wellbeing, Hath yoga.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Sudhanshu
verma, Assistant
professor, Dept. of Yoga and Health, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar,
India
E-Mail: shudverma@gmail.com
Introduction:
Before we start talking about measurement of efficacy
of hath yogic practices on Positive general wellbeing, we had to understand the
meaning and necessity of general wellbeing in human life. In general, we can
say general wellbeing means overall Health and overall health means one should
be healthy in all the aspects of health i.e. physical, mental, social and
spiritual health.
According
to Wikipedia, wellbeing, or wellness is a
general term for the condition of an individual or group. A high level of
well-being means in some sense the individual or group's condition is positive.
[12]
According
to Naci and Ioannidis, Wellness refers to diverse and interconnected dimensions
of physical, mental, and social
well-being that extend beyond the traditional definition of health. It
includes choices and activities aimed at achieving physical vitality, mental
alacrity, social satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment, and personal fulfillment. [13]
Traditional definitions of physical health prior
to the onset of modern medicine would have considered someone physically
healthy if he or she was not stricken with a serious illness. With modern
medical innovations came longer life spans, which changed the way we define
physical health. Today's definition can consider everything ranging from the
absence of disease to fitness level. [14]
The World
Health Organization (WHO) defined health in
its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."[15,16]
WHO
defines Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of
individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life. It
observes life satisfaction, including everything from physical health, family,
education, employment, wealth, religious beliefs, finance and the environment. [17]
Moreover, many
techniques are defined in hath-yogic ancient scripture for the enhancement of
positive overall well-being, we include few techniques from the ancient
scriptures here in this study which has specialized effect for overall
wellbeing to assess the efficacy of these yogic techniques which is further
described as yogic intervention below.
Methodology:
Sample:
The
total sample of 50 Sanskrit students ranging in age from 18-26 years was
selected from a Sanskrit college of district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. tis
sample consists of 50 students in experimental group. A random sampling was
done to select the best and interested candidates who are willing to
participates in general wellbeing enhancement program, once sample was selected
by the research team the hath yogic intervention started before starting the
intervention pre-test were done by us and post-test were taken after 45 days of
intervention.
Experimental Sessions:
The intervention program of yogic practices was
given to the experimental group. participants assigned to the group and they
performed well the selective yogic practices in group early in the morning at
6:30 a.m. for 50 min. and for just 45 days including Sundays and holidays, the
intervention schedule are shown in the given table, during the course of this
study they instructed not to do any other yogic practices as
well.
Yogic Intervention:
|
S.n.
|
Yogic practices given to the sample
|
Round/ day
|
Duration
|
|
1.
|
Savita dhyan
|
28 min
|
28 min
|
|
2.
|
Gayatri mantra chanting
|
12 time
|
06 min
|
|
3.
|
Pragya yoga practice
|
05 round
|
10 min
|
|
4.
|
Pranakarshan Pranayama
|
05 round
|
05 min
|
|
5.
|
Shantipath
|
01 round
|
01 min
|
|
|
Total
|
---------------------
|
50 min
|
Design:
Pre test and post
test research design was used in the present study; groups are practicing the
yogic practices along with the Gayatri mantra chanting as intervention. At the
end of the treatment, group is measured again to evaluate the difference
between pre and post condition as a result of the treatment or intervention.
Tools:
General wellbeing
questionnaire given by N. N. Wig and S. K. verma (P.G.I. Chandigarh, General
wellbeing questionnaire, 1973) has been used for the measurement of General
wellbeing of the student in the pre and post condition.
Statistical
analysis:
Obtained
data were tabulated and analyzed. The initial values on 0th day of parameter
were compared with the final values obtained on 45th day’s
measurement. Paired t- test was used for the statistical analysis with the help
of SPSS ver. 23
Table and Graph:
|
Paired Samples Statistics
|
|||||
|
|
Mean
|
N
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
|
Pair 1
|
pre
|
22.7600
|
50
|
5.52383
|
.78119
|
|
post
|
25.3800
|
50
|
4.10022
|
.57986
|
|
|
Paired Samples Correlations
|
||||
|
|
N
|
Correlation
|
Sig.
|
|
|
Pair 1
|
pre & post
|
50
|
.866
|
.001
|
|
Paired
Samples Test
|
|||||||||
|
|
Paired
Differences
|
t
|
df
|
Sig.
(1-tailed)
|
|||||
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std.
Error Mean
|
95%
Confidence
|
||||||
|
Lower
|
Upper
|
||||||||
|
Pair 1
|
pre - post
|
2.620
|
2.842
|
.401
|
3.427
|
1.812
|
6.51
|
49
|
.001
|
Result:
The mean & standard
error of mean (M± SEd) of pre test and post test on level of general
wellbeing of the experimental group
were consecutively found to be 22.76 ± 0.78 and 25.38 ± 0.57. The correlation
(r) .86 and pre SD 5.52 and post SD 4.10 as well. Obtained t-value is 6.51
which are statistically significant at 0.01 level of confidence.
On the basis of obtained result
it can be concluded that yogic intervention along with the practice of Gayatri
mantra chanting is significantly (at .01
levels) increases the level of general
wellbeing of the secondary level students in the experimental group.
Conclusion:
On the basis of the
findings of this study it can be concluded easily that this package can enhance
the meditative state of mind which can further improves the overall performance
and wellbeing of the secondary level students.
According to a research
by Cornell university of New York, mental health problems affect one in every five-young
people at any given time. Since to face all the problems such as: strain,
tension, depression, anxiety and more our intellectual level adolescents are
targeted first. So, for
any type of mental as well as physical disorders yoga, along with asana, Super
Brain Yogic technique and Surya Namaskara i.e. Sun Salutation proves it best of
all. [18,21]
Physician James Gordon,
clinical professor of psychiatry at the Georgetown University School of
Medicine, teaches deep breathing to most of his patients. For example, it has
helped adults reduce the suffering from advanced cancer and crippling
arthritis, and aided young person’s coping with attention deficit disorder. [19,]
“Slow, deep breathing is probably the single best anti-stress medicine we
have,” says Dr. Gordon. “When you bring air down into the lower portion of
lungs, where oxygen exchange is most efficient, everything changes. Heart rate
slows, blood pressure decreases, muscles relax, anxiety eases and the mind
calms. Breathing this way also gives people a sense of control over their body
and their emotions that is extremely therapeutic. [20,21]
While this study resulted in important findings, the results
have to be considered in light of several limitations. Representation of males
while females are not included in this study and small sample size does not
allow for generalization of the findings to a realistic population. Moreover,
neither psychological measurements nor the lasting effect of intervention was
assessed. Furthermore, the study used a mix of novice and long-term yoga
practitioners who were part of an on-going residential yoga course. Therefore,
it is unclear what effect the yoga practice had in influencing the
participant’s performance and psychological states. The long-term impact of the
intervention remains to be studied.
References:
1. Diener E, Seligman ME. Beyond money.
Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public
Interest 2004;5(1):1–31.
2. Diener E. Assessing well-being: the
collected works of Ed Diener. New York: Springer; 2009.
3. Diener E, Scollon CN, Lucas RE. The
evolving concept of subjective well-being: the multifaceted nature of
happiness. In: E Diener (ed.) Assessing well-being: the collected
works of Ed Diener. New York: Springer; 2009:67–100.
4. Frey BS, Stutzer A. Happiness and
economics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2002.
5.
Mental Health: A Report
of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental
Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental
Health; 1999. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; pp. 1–25.
6. World Health Organization (WHO) ECOSOC Meeting,
Addressing non-communicable diseases and mental health: Major challenges to
sustainable development in the 21st century, Discussion Paper: Mental health,
poverty and development. [Online] 2009. [Last accessed on
2014 June 17].
7.
Kessler RC,
Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and
comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey
replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry.2005; 62: 617–27.
8.
De Boer HM, Mula M,
Sander JW. The global burden and stigma of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav.2008; 12: 540–6.
9.
Bertolote JM,
Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D. Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide:
Revisiting the evidence. Crisis. 2004; 25: 147–55
10.
Hillman CH, Castelli DM, Buck SM.
Aerobic fitness and neuro cognitive function in healthy preadolescent children.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37: 1967–74.
11.
Budde H, Voelcker-Rehage C,
Pietrabyk-Kendziorra S, Ribeiro P, Tidow G. Acute coordinative exercise
improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neurosci Lett. 2008;441:
219–23.
12.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-being
13.
Huseyin
Naci; John P. A. Ioannidis, (June 11, 2015). "Evaluation of Wellness
Determinants and Interventions by Citizen Scientists". JAMA. 314:
121. PMID 26068643. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6160
14.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-physical-health-definition-components-examples.html
World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization – Basic Documents, Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006.
17.
Barcaccia, Barbara (4 September
2013). "Quality of Life: Everyone Wants It, But What Is
It?". Forbes/ Education. Retrieved 10 May 2016
18.
Kumar, P. (2016).Effect of Yoga on
Mental Health of Adolescents. International Journal of Science and
Consciousness; 2(1): 6-12.
19.
Verma,
S. and Gurvendra, A. (2016). A Study on the Effect of Collective Yogic
Practices on Social Adjustment of Collage Students in Urban Area. International
Journal of Science and Consciousness; 2(1): 36-40.
20.
http://appranichealing.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Ybrant_Prana_Newsletter-V2N2-2009-02.pdf
21.
Verma, Dr. Sudhanshu et.al. (2017)
impression of group consciousness on alpha E.E.G. brain waves, international J.
of Yoga and allied sciences,
6(1), 41-46. ISSN. 2278-5159.
Comments
Post a Comment