Impact of Yoga on obesity Management of Corporate personnel
Somdutta Tiwari*,
Sudhanshu Verma**
*Health Officer, All Group of
companies, Nariman point, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
** Teaching associate,Dept of
Yoga and Health, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, U.K.
Abstract:
Background:
According to the American Heart Association, an estimated 112,000 people die
every year from conditions related to being overweight or obese. Even losing a
moderate amount of weight when someone is obese 5 to 10 percent can
significantly reduce the risk for chronic disease. With the background that a
number of studies being conducted to observe the effect of complementary
therapies to reduce body weight, the present study aimed to find the impact of kunjal
kriya Practices on body weight of the normal Human subjects.
Methods: Forty
five subject were taken as experimental group from urban area of Haridwar
region. The subjects were a heterogeneous group having Obesity and joints
problem but otherwise healthy and were voluntarily wanted to join Yoga session
for general physical mental wellbeing. In this pre-post research study a
package of kunjal kriya were introduced to them. The volunteers practiced for 30
days except Sunday.
Results: The
impact of the practice of Hatha Yogic techniques showed a significant reduction
on their body weight.
Conclusion:
The study reveals that the practice of kunjal kriya can helps the people suffering
from obesity and obese. So finally it can be concluded that the practice of
kunjal kriya can helps to manage obesity in corporate world.
Keywords: Obesity, Kunjal Kriya,
Corporate Sector .
Introduction:
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), obesity is one of the most common, yet among the most
neglected, public health problems in both developed and developing countries1.
According to the WHO World Health statistics report 2012, globally one in six
adults is obese and nearly 2.8 million individuals die each year due to
overweight or obesity.2
due to the increased risk of
morbidity and mortality, obesity is now being recognized as a disease in its
own right. Additionally, obesity is strongly associated with other metabolic
disorders including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular
disease and even some cancers. The risk for these disorders appears to start 3
from a body mass index (BMI) of about 21 kg/m2. Obesity is generally classified
as generalized obesity (GO) and abdominal obesity (AO). Individuals with
obesity have higher rates of mortality and morbidity compared to non obese
individuals 4, 5.
Second most populous country in the
world and is currently experiencing rapid epidemiological transition. Under
nutrition due to poverty which dominated in the past, is being rapidly replaced
by obesity associated with affluence6 industrialization and
urbanization also contributes to increased prevalence of obesity. Studies from
different parts of India have provided evidence of the rising prevalence of
obesity 6,7,8,9 However; most reports have been region specific
(mostly from urban areas).
That’s why we are decided to done
such a job taking only who are working in corporate sector, who were definitely
too busy with their schedule, the people working basically in corporate sector
in india are living such a sedentary life style. Therefore they have no enough
time to manage their life style, due to overwhelming life style. And obesity is
well recognizing as the resultant of sedentary life.
According to Gherand Samhita, a
well known text book of hath yoga, kunjal practice is under the section of
cleansing process (i.e. Shatkarma ) can helps to people who want to become a
yogi for cleansing the stomach region of digestive system as well as reducing
the fat (kafa), which is well known as third Dosha in the concept of Tridosha according
to Ayurveda. And fat (Kafa) is the major cause of body weight. Therefore when
the fat reduction is going on the body weight can be reduce and manage.
Now, in the process of reduction of
fat diet must be manage by the researcher, and the overall intake of fat during
the process should be low.
Definition of obesity:
Obesity has been defines as a
person, “who on account of inordinate of fat and flesh, is disfigured with
pendulous, buttocks, belly and breasts and whose increase bulk is not matched
by a corresponding increase in energy”. Excess deposition of fat in adipose
tissue is obesity. A body weight 20% or more than the desirable weight for age,
sex and height is regarded as obesity. A recent national institute of health
consensus conference defines obesity as B.M.I.>25 K.G./m2 .
BMI= actual weight in K.G. / height
in m2
According to parks, obesity may be
defines as an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue. It is in three ways
·
Enlargement
of fat cell in size i.e. hypertrophic obesity.
·
Increase
in the number of fat cell i.e. hyper plastic obesity
·
A
combination of both
Here the modern terminology obesity
can be understood as a disease. This is further responsible for the associated
disease like diabetes, cardiac problems, CHD etc.
Jean-Pierre
Després (2001) -It is generally accepted that obesity is a health hazard because
of its association with numerous metabolic complications such as dyslipidaemia,
type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.1 On that basis, health agencies
have proposed that obesity should be defined on the basis of weight in kg
expressed over height in m, the so called body mass index, Epidemiological
studies have reported a progressive increase in the incidence of chronic
diseases such as hypertension, diabetes,
and coronary heart disease with increasing body mass index. However, despite this
well documented evidence, physicians are, in their daily practice, perplexed by
the remarkable heterogeneity found in their obese patients.
The World Health Organization's
(WHO) recommended body weight based on BMI values for adults. It is used for
both men and women, age 18 or older.
|
Category
|
BMI range - kg/m2
|
|
Severe Thinness
|
< 16
|
|
Moderate Thinness
|
16 - 17
|
|
Mild Thinness
|
17 - 18.5
|
|
Normal
|
18.5 - 25
|
|
Overweight
|
25 - 30
|
|
Obese Class I
|
30 - 35
|
|
Obese Class II
|
35 - 40
|
|
Obese Class III
|
> 40
|
An ideal BMI is in the 18.5-24.9
range. If your BMI is 25 or more, you weigh more than is ideal for your height:
25-29.9 is overweight. 30-39.9 is obese.
Kunjal Kriya:
Kunjal is performed by drinking
slightly salty water up to the point till the feeling of vomiting is generated.
The water should be lukewarm. Normally water is taken in a normal sitting
defecation posture on ground (both leg folded through the knees) so that
stomach is pressed inside.
One can take 3 to 6 glasses of water
in one go quickly but one can also take more water as per his convenience and
capacity. Vomiting is normally done while standing and bending forward towards
the wash basin.
If vomiting is not initiated automatically
at this point one may then put two fingers down in the throat and massage
the back of the tongue as far down as possible to initiate vomiting. By
pressing back of the tongue, feeling/urge to vomit (called the ‘gag reflex’ in
medical term) will start. Water will come out of mouth in a quick
succession/gushes. Continue pressing until stomach is empty.
Clean/rinse mouth with fresh water
and lie down with back touching the resting floor, on flat surface/bed and
rest for minimum half an hour to two hours to feel comfortable.
Normally, this practice may be done
as a first thing in the morning on an empty stomach after passing out stool.
Surya Namaskara (sun salutation):
A set of 12 powerful yoga postures (asanas)
that provide a good cardiovascular workout in the form of Surya Namaskara.
Literally translated to sun salutation, these postures are a good way to keep
the body in shape and the mind calm and healthy.
Surya Namaskara is best done early morning on an empty stomach. Let’s
begin with these simple yet effective Sun Salutation steps on our way to good
health.
Each Sun Salutation round consists of two sets. These 12 yoga poses
complete one set of Surya Namaskara. To complete the second half, you need to
repeat the same sequence of postures, only moving the left leg instead of the
right (in steps 4 and 9 given below). You might find several versions of doing
Sun Salutation. However, it is best to stick to one particular sequence and
practice it regularly for best results.
Objective:
To examine the Effect of Kunjal Kriya and Surya Namaskara on obesity
people of corporate sector.
Material and methods:
Forty five subjects were taken as
experimental group from urban area of Haridwar region. The people who are
belonging from corporate sector are purposively selected for this research
work. The subjects were a heterogeneous group having Obesity at least (BMI =
25-35) and joints problem but otherwise healthy.
Inclusion criteria:
Person voluntarily wanted to join
Yoga session for general physical mental wellbeing and not suffering from such
chronic illness as well as not taking any kind of medicine.
Intervention:
In this pre-post research study a
package of kunjal kriya and surya namaskar were introduced to them. The
volunteers practiced for 30 days except Sunday.
Single group pre-post test design
was used in the present study, at the beginning of the study 0th day
pre data was collected and tabulated and after 30th day of
intervention post data of effectiveness was collected, data was analyzed to see
if there is a difference between them as a result of intervention or not. The
analysis of pre- post data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 23.
Intervention schedule:
S.No.
|
Practice
Schedule
|
Round
|
Duration
|
|
1
|
Om chanting
|
3 times
|
02 min
|
|
2
|
Kunjal kriya
|
1 round / day
|
10 min
|
|
3
|
Surya namaskar
|
2 round / day
|
05 min
|
|
4
|
Shanti path
|
1 round /day
|
02 min
|
|
|
Total
|
|
19 min / day
|
Tools:
For measurement of body weight and
height, a weighing machine and an inch tape were used. After measuring the height
and weight of the subjects the calculation of BMI is done by the help of
calculator.
Procedures:
This study was conducted at BHEL
Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Forty five male subjects were selected through purposive
sampling and the sample was assigned as experimental group (n= 45) and there
age range is in between 23 to 32 years of age. All members of experimental
group followed there prescribed yogic practices during the course of study and
also instructed not to exert his body. The Yogic intervention was given to the
experimental group while there was no control Group. The outcome measures were
assessed in both groups before and after the study.
Statistical
analysis:
Obtained
data were tabulated and analyzed. The initial values on 0th day of each
parameter were compared with the final values obtained on 30th
day’s measurement.
Paired t- test was used for the statistical analysis with the help of SPSS ver.
23.
|
Paired
Samples Statistics
|
|||||
|
|
Mean
|
N
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std. Error
Mean
|
|
|
Pair 1
|
pre obesity
|
29.9595
|
45
|
1.66690
|
.25721
|
|
post obesity
|
28.3690
|
45
|
2.10093
|
.32418
|
|
|
Paired
Samples Correlations
|
||||
|
|
N
|
Correlation
|
Sig.
|
|
|
Pair 1
|
pre obesity & post obesity
|
45
|
.786
|
.000
|
|
Paired
Samples Test
|
|||||||||
|
|
Paired
Differences
|
t
|
df
|
Sig.
(2-tailed)
|
|||||
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
Std. Error
Mean
|
95%
Confidence
|
||||||
|
Lower
|
Upper
|
||||||||
|
Pair 1
|
pre obesity - post obesity
|
1.59048
|
1.29799
|
.20028
|
1.18599
|
1.99496
|
7.941
|
44
|
.001
|
Result:
The
mean & standard error of mean (M±SD) of pre test and post test on level of obesity
of the experimental group were consecutively found to be 29.95±1.66 and 28.36± 2.10.
The correlation (r) .78 and SEd is 0.200 and obtained t-value is 7.941 which
are statistically highly significant at 0.001 significance level of confidence.
In
this study we can see clearly that the obesity level had shifted from severe
stage to normal stage, which denotes that, the practitioners of Kunjal Kriya and
Surya Namaskara series get relief and feeling relaxed.
On the
basis of obtained result it can be concluded that, a combination of Kunjal
Kriya and Surya Namaskara (sun salutation) intervention is significantly decrease
the level of obesity of people working in corporate sector.
Conclusion:
The results of the
present study reveal that the regular practice of Kunjal Kriya and sun
salutation helps to cope up the obesity level of an obese adult. All these
aspects affect the interpersonal and social behavior as well as physical Health
of an individual. Healthy citizen makes mentally healthy society then this will
lead to the society for the development.
In
other way different yogis stat the principle of yoga that the blockage in the
pranic passage is known as disease so during the practice of yoga, actually we
are trying to clear the blockage which exist in the way of vital energy/Prana.
Once a person clears the blockage he definitely get rid of disease. “Pranayama
induces calmness and tranquility in several ways. It clears all the pranic
passages of any blockages, due to the presence of toxins-It equalizes the flow
of prana in the ida and pingala network of nadis. It purifies the blood systems
of all toxins. The purifying action of Pranayama on the brain cells enhances
the efficiency of the brain centers, allowing them to function at their optimum
capacity.”11
“Kunjal
has none of the unpleasant sensations usually associated with vomiting, like
nausea and bad smell. The water brought up is usually clean and without smell.
The added salt removes the acid by naturalizing it, which removes the burning
feeling. The water contains nothing solid, thus it comes out quickly and
easily. After the first few times, Kunjal becomes a pleasure.”12
“At
the physical level Kunjal can aid the maintenance of good health as well as
help in the cure of the following diseases: acidity and gas in the stomach;
biliousness, nausea, food poisoning and auto-poisoning; indigestion; inflamed esophageal
mucosa, coughs, asthma, bronchitis and respiratory ailments; headaches, (both
tension and migraine) and diseases of the nervous system.”12
The
indirect effects of Kunjal are that it tones up and helps to rebalance the
nervous system, thus helping to rejuvenate the whole body.
“When
you do Kunjal, the action of the energy flush moving from the stomach on the
physical level, and Manipur chakra on the psychic level, stimulates the vagus
nerve both in its sensory and motor functions.”13
In a research conducted
in Connecticut, USA, a six-week program of yoga and meditation was undertaken
to observe the brachial artery reactivity, significant reductions in blood pressure,
heart rate, and BMI was observed in the total cohort with yoga.14 It
was found that yogic practices are useful in preventing and managing disorders
related to the body systems.15 In the present study body weight
significantly decreased after Hatha yogic practices. A controlled trial held in
India supports that yogic practices contribute to reduced excessive body fat
not only among school students but also in obese patients.16 Yoga
might have played role as a safety measure. Other study also performed in Toronto,
Canada, clearly states that physically active individuals are less likely to
develop hypertension than sedentary individuals.17 at the end it can
be concluded that practice of Kunjal Kriya and Surya Namaskara significantly
reduce the body weight of the practitioners.
References
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- 2. 2012. Geneva: WHO; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2012_Full.pdf, accessed on november 28, 2012.
- 3. James WpT, et. Al. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. vol i. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. p. 497-596.Flegal Km, Kit bK, Orpana H, Graubard bi. association of
- 4. All-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA2013; 309 : 71-82.
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- 9. In developing countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2008; 93 (11 suppl 1): s9-30.
- 10. Poirier P, Després JP., (2001 Aug) Exercise in weight management of obesity, Cardiol Clin.;19(3):459-470.
- 11. Magazine of Bihar school of yoga (http://www.yogamag.net/archives/1991/fnov91/pranstr.shtml)
- 12. Dr. Swami Shankardevananda Saraswati http://www.yogamag.net/archives/1977/dapr77/kunjal.shtml
- 13. Kumar. k. (2015), effect of yogic intervention on genral body weight of the subjects: a study report, international journal of yoga and allied sciences, vol 4: issue-1.
- 14. Sivasankaran S, Sachdeva S, Sachdeva R, Pugeda J, Hoq SM, Stuart et al. Division of CardiovascularMedicine, Department of Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut 06610, USA.Clinical Cardiology (Clin Cardiol) 2006;29(September (9)):393—8.
- 15. Saraswati K, Swami. Yogic management of common diseases. Munger: Bihar School of Yoga;1986. p. 27.
- 16. Bera TK, Gore MM, Kulkarni DD, Bhogal RS, Oak JP. Yoga Mimansa, vol. XXXIV, nos. 3 and 4.October 2002 and January 2003. p. 166—87.
- 17. Shephard RJ. Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:S400—18.
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